Means for commutating motor and other electric currents.



PATENTBD DEC. 4, 1906.

S.S.SEYPERT.\ MEANS FOR GOMMUTATING MOTOR AND OTHERJELEGTRIG OURRENTS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6, 1904.

2 SHEETSSHBET 1 QR Hmeooe/o No. 837,889. I PATENTED DEC. 4', 1906.

' S. S. SEYFERT.

MEANS FOR GOMMUTATING MOTOR AND OTHER ELECTRIC CURRENTS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. e; 1904.

3 8HEETSS'HEET 2.

PATENTED DEC. 4, 1906.

8. 'SBYFBRT. MEANS FOR OOMMUTATING MOTOR AND OTHER ELEGTRIO OURRENTS.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 6, 1 904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W WM UNITED STATES PAr Nr orricn.

STANLEY s. SEYFERT, OF soU'ru BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OFONE-HALF TO WILLIAM H. JACOBS, OF SOUTH BETI'ILFHEM, PENN SYLVANIA.

MEANS FOR COMMUTATING MOTOR AND OTHER ELECTRIC CURRENTS.

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented Dec. 4, 1906.

Application filed February 6, 1904. Serial No 192,421.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STANLEY S. SEYFERT, of South Bethlehelmin the countyof Northampton, and in the State of Pennsylvania,

have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in meansforCom'uuitating Motor and other Electric (.urrents; and I do herebydc'chire that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to to the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a diagrannuatic view of a duplex lap-winding ofthe'armature, developed,

of a four-pole motor, such motor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is anend view of a commutator for use on such an armature, as illustrated in.Fig. l, and having my invention applied thereto. Figs. 3 and 4 aredetail views oi" the brush-holder of my armature; and Fig. 5 is a viewof the parts illustrated in Fig. such )tltS occupying a ditl'ercntrelation to each other. Fig. (i is a diagram showing a triplex winding.

The object of my invention has been to provide n'ieans for thecommutation o1. motor or other currents by which sparking can beprevented; andto such ends my invention consists in the means forcommututing motor and other electric currents, substantialtv ashereinafter specified.

For the purpose of explaining my invention 1 have chosen to illustrate aduplex lapwinding four-pole motor having my invention applied thereto;but it is to be distinctly understood that my invention is applicable tomany other forms of motor and to many other devices than motors.

in Fig. 1, which illustrates a development ol the armature andcomnmtator, two windings are shown on the armature,the one, A, beingshown in full lines and the other, B, being shown in dotted lines, thetwo windings overlapping each other, but being otherwise independent ofeach other. I l lach coil of each winding is connected with a commutatorbar, the bars a and 11, respectively, of the two windings beingplaced alternately.

'lositive brushes t) and (J and negative brushes 1) and .l) areillustrated as contacting with the comnmtator-bars, the said brushesbeing arranged in pairs circumferentially ol the commutator and eachbrush in such direction being ot'not greater width than the width of theconunutator-bars.

There are also preferably provided several brushes in a row parallel tothe axis of the commutator instead of one brush of the length of thecommutator-bar. The section illustrated in Fig. 3 shows one row ofbrushes U The brushes of each row are mounted in a holder E,witlrwhichthey are in electrical contact. The holder E is shown as having a shankwhich is extended through an opening in an arm .F, the holder E beinginsulated from the arm by washers and an insulatiiig-sleevef The holderE is secured to the arm by a nut screwed upon its shank which nut alsoclamps a, lead G. The arm F supports two holders f, the holders beinginsulated from the arm and from each other. The leads G are eachconnected to one end of a choke-coil ll or 11, such choke-coils beingoppositely wound and being connected to the main lead,as illustrated inFig. 1.

As illustrated in Fig. 2, the choke-coils may consist of two insulatedconductors h and IL, wound side by side into a helix upon an ironcore 1. A non-inductive resistance ii preferably connects the loads Gand G bei tween the choke-coils and the brushes.

in the operation of a motor constructed as illustrated in l igs 1. to 5as each commutator-bar a or 1) relating to a single windin is separatedby a bar connected to the ot 181 winding and as the brushes are notWider than the width of a single conunutator-bar a single brush cannever connect two commut ator-bars relating to a common winding, andthus can never short-circuit a subcoil of such winding and can never ofitself produce sparking, as can the brush of the ordinary singlewinding. Two coinnuitator-bars connected to a single coil can, however,be touched by two brushes in the same holder, as illustrated in Fig.where the brushes D and I) touch the two commutatorbars a. and 1); lnthis case. it it were not forthe choke-coils the current could flow fromone commntator-bar I) through the. brush 1), up the lead (i to the mainlead, back the lead (l, through the brush 1) and bar I) to the coil,thus making a complete circuit through the subcoil which when broken bythe further movements ol" the armature would cause a spark. sit ion ofthe choke-coiis into the leads G and U, [or the current through thecoils U and H being in opposite directions and the windings beingopposite the llux produced in the core of the choke-coils by thechoke-coil H would be in the same direction as that produced by the coilII, so that a strong choking efi'ect would be produced and thecross-eurrent would be kept down. Nhen, however, current flows from bothbrushes through both choke-coils to the main lead, or .vice versa, thefluxes will be opposite in direction and will neutralize each other andno resistance will be offered to the current other than the ohmicresistance. I

When the brushes are in the position illustrated in Fig. 5,. it will beseen that the current, as illustrated by the arrows, seen in therighthand portion of such figure, can pass lrom one bar .13 into theacent brush 1), thence into the adjacent bar a, and from there throughthe brush 1.) to the other commutator-bar b, and when the armature hadmoved sulliciently to carry one ctmnmrtatorbar l) out from under thatone of the brushes 'l'irst passed by the commutator-brush a break in theshort circuit would occur with consequently high voltage, which wouldcause sparking. The brushes C and. C or D and D of each pair areadjusted slightly away from each other, so that the distance betweentheir respective corners which are last to touch the segments shall beslightly wider apart than the corresponding corners of two segments, theresult being that one brush breaks emitact with its segment slightly belore the other brusb. breaks contact with its segment. I t is to preventthe sparking due to this cause that the non-in.- ductive resistance K isinter wsed in the leads G and G. between the brushes and thechoke-coils, for when the described action occurs the high volt-ageincident to the breaking of the current of the local circuit findsreliel through the non-inductive resistance K. This does not interferewith the lower voltage ordinarily existing between the two parts ol thebrush set, as such voltage is not suilicient to force any appreciableamount of current through the non-inductive resistance.

The principal reason why singlemase eominutating-motors have notheretofore been successfully used with alternating cur I rents of hightension is that such sparking was produced at the coi'mnutator as torender such use commerciallyim ractical; Such objection is for allpractical purposes eliminated by my inv'- "ttion.

.l t is obvious that changes can be made in the above-illustratedconstruction which will not involve a departure from the principle ofinyinvention. For instance, ohmic resistance might be substituted forthech0kecoils. The armature may be wound with any other multiplexwinding instead of winding, as illustrated, with. duplex winding, theonly requirement in such case being that the span of the two insulatedbrushes or sets of brushes shall be suliicient to connect two adj acentbars relating to the same winding. in the case ol" triplex winding, asillustrated in Fig. 6, of course the commutato' -bars will be formed inseries of three M M M, one of each of such series being connected withone of the windings N N K, respect vely. Each brush may then have thewidth of two segments and similarly with quadruplex or other windings ofhigher lumber. in the said ligure pairs of brushes 0 and and l and P areused as before, the precaution being observed that each brush in thetriplex winding be not Wider than the two segments and in the ease of aquadruplex winding the brush being made not wider than the threesegments. belie-coils Q. and Q are, as before internosed between thearmature-lead it and the ing connected with dill'erentarmatitre-windvings, and a collecting-brushor brush set which consists oi apluralityotparts oi the same electric sign, that are adapted tosuccessively contact with the same conunutater-bars, said parts beinginsulated from each other,

and having inductance interposed therebetween.

2. ln a tlynamo-elcctric machine, the combination 0t an armature havinga multiple winding, and a plurality of insulated lnushcs of the sameelectric sign that are adapted to successively contact with. the samecommutator-bars said brushes bein smccd :1. )art.

so that they are always in contact with two commutator bars, branchleadsfor said brushes, and a resistance interposed between such branch leads.I

3. .ln :1. dynamo-electric machine, the combination of an armaturehaving a multiplex Winding and a plurality ol insulated brushes adaptedto successively contact with the same commutator-bars,'sai d brushesbeing spaced apart so that they are always in contact with twocommutator-bars, branch leads for such brushes, and a non-inductiveresistance interposed between said branch leads. r 4. In adynamo-electric, machine, the combination of an armature having amultiplex winding, a plurality of insulated brushes adapted to,successively contact with the same coon .titator-lntrs, branch leads forsuch brushes, and choke-coils inoppositc inductive relation whenenergized by current passing through said leads in parallel, one ofwhich is interposed in each of such branch leads.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of" a plurality ofinsulated brushes adapted to successively contact with the samecommutator-bars, branch leads for such brushes, each of which leads hasan ,inductive resistance therein, said inductive resistanees being inopposite inductive relation when energized by current passing throughsaid leads in parallel, and a non-inductive resistance connecting saidbranch leads between said inductive resistance and said brushes.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of an armature having amultiplex winding, brush sets each consisting ol a pluralityofrelatively insulated parts, the several brushes belonging to saidparts being of insufficient width to bridge across adjacent segmentsbelonging to the same winding on the armature, one set being placed inadvance otthe other, said parts of brush sets having leads connectedwith choke-coils in opposite inductive relation when energized bycurrent passing through said leads in parallel, and the oppositeterminals of said coils being connected witha main lead.

7. .l n a dynamoelcctric machine, the combinationot an armature having amultiplex winding, brush. sets each consisting ol a plurality ofrelatively insulated parts, the several brushes belonging to said partsbeing of insullicient width to bridge across adjacent segments belongingto the same winding on the armature, one set being placed in advance ofthe other, said parts of brush sets having leads connected withoppositelyw'ound cli(j l(o-coi.ls, the opposite terminals of said coilsbeing connected with a main lead, and said choke-coils having a commoncore.

8. in a dynamo-electric machine, the combination oi" an armature havinga multiplex winding, brush sets each consisting of a plurality ofrelatively insulated parts, the several brushes belonging to said partsbeing of insul'iieient width to bridge across adjacent segmentsbelonging to the same winding on the armature, one set being placed inadvance of the other, said parts of brush sets having leads connectedwith oppositelywound choke-coils, the opposite terminals of said coilsbeing connected with a main lead, and said choke-coils having a commoncore, there being a non-inductive resistance connecting the leadsbetween the choke-coils and the brushes.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of an armature having amultiplex winding, brush sets each of which consists of a plurality ofrelatively insulated parts, said. parts being provided with branchleads,

there being a choke coil in each of said leads and said choke-coilsbeing in opposite inductive relation when energized by current pass-.ing through said ieads in parallel.

10. in a dynamo electric machine, the combination of an armature havingainultiplex winding, brush sets, each of which'consists ol a pluralityof relatively insulated parts, said parts being provided with branchleads, there being a choke-coil in each of said leads and saidchoke-coils being in opposite inductive relation when energized bycurrent passing through said leads in parallel, and a resistanceconnecting said leads between said coils and said brushes.

11. In a dynamoelectric machine, the combination of an armature having amultiplex winding, brush. sets, each of which consis ts of a pluralityof relatively insulated pa 'ts, said parts being provided with branchleads, there being a choke-coil in each of said leads and saidchoke-ceils being in opposite indue tive relation when energized bycurrent passing through said leads in parallel, and a non-inductiveresistance connecting said leads between said coils and said brushes.

12. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of a field excited byan alternating current, an armature having a multiplex winding, brushsets, each of which consists of a plurality of relatively insulatedparts, said parts being )rovided with branch leads, there being acliche-coil in each of said leads and said choke-coils being in oppositeinductive relation when energized by current passing through said leadsin parallel.

13. in a dynamo-electric machine,the

combination ol a lield excited by an alternating current, an armaturehaving a i'nultiplcX winding, brush sets, each of which consists ol aplurality of relatively insulated parts, said parts being provided withbranch leads, there being a choke-coil in each of said leads and saidchoke-coils being in. opposite inductive relation when. energized bycurrent passing through said leads in parallel, and a rcsistanceconnecting said lands between said coils and said brushes.

14. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of a lield excited byan alternat.- ing current, an armature having a multiplex wimling, brushsets, each of which sets consists of a plurality of relatively insulatedparts, said parts being provided with branch leads, there being achoke-coil in each of said leads and said choke-coils being in oppositeinductive relation when energized b current passing through said leadsin paraliel, and a non inductive resistance connecting said leadsbetween said coils and said brushes.

15. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of an armature havinga multiplex winding, brushes for each Winding, eonductors connecting thebrushes of like character to a common lead, and means energized by theshortcircuited coil of the armature for causing an electromotive forcecounter to that generated by the short-circuiting of said coil.

'16. In a dynamo -electric machine, the combination of an arnuiturehaving a multiplex Winding, brushes for each winding, conductorsconnecting the brushes of like chnr acter to a common lend, and meansenergized by the short-circuited coil of the arn1nture'for causing anelectromotive l'orce counter and proportional to that generated by theshort-circuiting of said coil.

17. In a dynamo-electric machine, the

combination of an armature having a multiplex winding, brushes for eachwhirling, conductors connecting the brushes of like clun acter to acommon lead, means energized by the short-circuited coil of the armaturefor causing an electromotive force counter to that generated by theshort-circniting of said coil, and anon-inductive resistance interposedbetween said conductors.

18. In a dynamo -electric machine, the combination of an armature havinga multiplex Winding, brushes for each Winding, conductors connecting thebrushes of like charactor to a common lead, means energized by theshort-circuited coil of the armature for causing an electroniotive forcecounter and proportional to that generated by the shortcircuiting ofsaid coil, and a non-iinluctive resistance interposed between saidconductors.

19. In an clLemming-current motor, the combination of an armature, afeed-wire, a device for commutating current from said feed-wire to saidarmature, said device comprising leads, and a plurality of inductences1n each of said leads, inductances of ooposite signs in diflerent leadsbeing situated in the same magnetic circuit.

20. In an electrical device, the combination of an armature havingcoils, a feed-wire, a device for commutating current from said feed-wireto said armature-coils, said device comprising leads, and a plurality ofinductive resistances connected in each of said leads,

said resistances being active against current tending to form byshort-c1rcuitmg and. being passlve against the main nriiuitin'e-current.

21. In an electrical device, the combinusenses tion of an arn'iaturecomprisil'ig coils, a feedwire, a device for connnutating current fromsaid feed-wire to armature-coils, said device comprising leads, and apluralit ol inductance-coils coni'iecled in each of said leads,oppositely-wound coils in adjacent leads having a common nuigneliccircuit.

212. In an electrical device, the combination of an armature comprisingcoils, a feedwire, a device for commutating current betweensnidI80d-WlTO and said arrnature-coils, said device comprising leads, and aplurality oi" i1idnctance-coils in each of said leads, inductance-coils-iu ndjiuzent lends being in opposite inductive relationwhen energized by current passing through them in parallel.

233. in an electrical device, the combinntion of an armature comprisingcoils, :1 feedwire, a device for commutnling current between nsidteed-wire and said :n'nnu urn-coils, snid device comprising leads, and aplurality of inductive resistances connected to each feed-Wire, saidresistances conncctod to the same feed-wire being opposed to ouch otherwhen energized by current pnssing through them in parallel, and actingin clnnulutive eil'ect when energized by current passing through them inseries.

24. In an electricn] device, the combination of an armature comprisingcoils, a feed.- wire, leads between said feed-wire and said coils,colnmutator-segnien ts in electrical connection with said leads andiced-wire, and IL plurality of inductive resistances in each of saidleads, there being n. plurality of ind uctanccs for each feed-wire, saidresistujnces for a given leed-wirc being in a common magnetic circuit,and thosein adjacent leads being so wound as to be opposed to each otherwhen energized. by current passing between said feed-wire and. saidarmature-coils, and toreinforcc each other when energized by currentpassing from one conm'iutator-segment to an adjacent one.

in testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set'iny hand.

STANLEY S. SEYl ER'l. Witnesses:

LOUIS G.

MCCAULEY, vfistmn H. Moons.

